Synonyms

• Activated carbon
• Activated coal
• Activated charcoal powder
• Carbon black

Description

Activated charcoal is a highly porous form of carbon that has been treated to increase its surface area, making it effective at adsorbing a wide variety of substances. Its chemical structure consists of carbon atoms arranged in a network, with numerous microscopic pores that trap particles and molecules. It is commonly used for its adsorption properties in a variety of applications, including water filtration, medical treatments, air purification, and industrial processes. In the medical field, activated charcoal is used to treat poisoning or overdose by absorbing toxins in the stomach and preventing them from being absorbed into the bloodstream.

Common Uses in a Biology Lab

• Toxin Removal: Activated charcoal is used in laboratory settings to remove contaminants, chemicals, or toxins from solutions. It can adsorb organic compounds and is frequently employed in purification procedures.
• Purification of Gases: Activated charcoal is used to purify gases by adsorbing unwanted vapors, often in air filtration systems or laboratory experiments that require clean air or controlled environments.
• Chromatography: In some cases, activated charcoal is used in adsorption chromatography to separate different compounds in a mixture.
• Water Filtration: It is commonly used in laboratory water purification systems to remove organic compounds and chlorine from water.
• Medical Applications: Activated charcoal is often used in medical treatments for poisoning or overdose cases by adsorbing toxins from the gastrointestinal tract.

Safety Hazards

• Inhalation: Inhalation of fine activated charcoal dust can cause respiratory irritation, coughing, and difficulty breathing. It is important to handle it in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood, especially when using powdered forms.
• Skin and Eye Irritation: Activated charcoal is generally non-toxic, but direct contact with the eyes can cause irritation, and it may stain skin or clothing. In case of eye contact, rinse thoroughly with water.
• Ingestion: Activated charcoal is often ingested in medical settings for poisoning, but in large quantities, it can cause gastrointestinal issues such as constipation or vomiting. It should only be used for medical purposes under the guidance of a professional.
• Environmental Impact: Activated charcoal itself is non-toxic to the environment, but its disposal should be carried out in accordance with local regulations to avoid contamination.

Handling

• PPE: Wear gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat when handling activated charcoal. If working with powdered forms, it’s advisable to wear a dust mask to prevent inhalation of fine particles.
• Ventilation: Work with activated charcoal in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood to avoid inhaling dust particles.
• Storage: Store activated charcoal in a dry, airtight container to prevent it from adsorbing moisture and impurities from the air. Keep it away from heat or open flames.
• Disposal: Dispose of activated charcoal according to local hazardous waste disposal guidelines. It should not be disposed of in large quantities down the drain or into the environment.

Classification

• Adsorbents
• Water Treatment Chemicals
• Medical Supplies (for poison treatment)