Why add antibiotics? Antibiotics are added to agar media to select for microorganisms carrying specific resistance genes...

Aseptic Technique  In nature, microorganisms usually exist as mixed populations of different species of bacteria, fungi,...

Contamination  Contamination of bacterial cultures can be very problematic, and may mean the need to reisolate a pure cu...

There are two fundamental applications of dilution and plating of soil bacteria. The first application is the enumeratio...

Streak swab of sample over one quarter of the sterile Petri dish in a back-and-forth "tornado" pattern. This is quadrant...

DTT Protocol 1. Collect hair sample into a 1.5-ml microcentrifuge tube. 2. Add 500μl digestion buffer. 3. Add 40μl of 1M...

This protocol describes a CTAB-based DNA extraction method, often used in plant DNA extraction, optimized for lichen tis...

Introduction The pipette is an essential tool for nearly anyone in molecular biology. You’ll use a pipette in many scena...

Ensure a sturdy, level work surface Always ensure the centrifuge is on an appropriate surface prior to operation. Inspec...

Procedure Ensure that the water bath and water bath cover are cleaned before filling the water bath with water. You may...

You can make gels in various concentrations. A standard gel is 1%, which is 1g of agarose in 100ml total buffer. For big...

INSTALL MINICONDA Download Distribution https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/miniconda.html Install Distribution `shell bash...

Introduction There are four biosafety levels: BSL levels 1 – 4. This protocol provides information for biosafety level 1...

General Wear long pants in the lab: no shorts etc. Wear closed-toe shoes only, no sandals. Wear nitrile/latex gloves at...

INSTALL MINICONDA Download Distribution https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/miniconda.html Install Distribution bash Minicon...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows one to use the power of DNA replication to amplify DNA enormously in a short...